Postcoital administration of asoprisnil inhibited embryo implantation and disturbed ultrastructure of endometrium in implantation window in mice / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Asoprisnil, a member of the selective progesterone receptor modulators, exerts high progesterone receptor selectivity, endometrial targeted advantages and significant anti-implantation effect in rats. The purpose of this study was to confirm the anti-implantation effect of asoprisil, investigate the ultrastructural changes of the peri-implantation endometrium in mice and explore the effect of asoprisnil on endometrial receptivity and its targeted contraceptive proficiency. Post-coitus mice were administered with different dosages (0.2, 0.1, 0.05 mg·g(-1)·day(-1)) of asoprisnil from day 1 of pregnancy to day 3. Then 3 animals in each group were killed on day 5 of pregnancy, and uteri were collected to examine the ultrastructural changes of endometria under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A total of 80 animals were sacrificed on day 8 of pregnancy, and the uterine horns were examined for the presence or absence of nidation sites and the number of implantation embryos. The results showed that the implantation rate and the average number of implantation embryos in asoprisnil groups were statistically significantly decreased as compared with the vehicle control group (P<0.05). The TEM results revealed that, in vehicle control group, the tight junction between the luminal epithelia cells was short and straight, the gap was wide; the luminal epithelia cells were covered with plenty of short, clavate and neatly arranged microvilli; the endometril stromal cells were large with plenty of cytoplasm, and showed significant decidual change; there was more than one nucleus in stromal cells, and the karyotheca was integrity. In low dosage and high dosage asoprisnil groups, the tight junction was longer and more curve than in the vehicle control group; microvilli were uneven and asymmetrically distributed in luminal epithelia; the stromal cells were small and the decidual change was not significant; there were karyopyknosis and karyolysis in stromal cells; there were abnormal thick-wall vessels in the endometrium. It was suggested that asoprisnil changed the ultrastructure of the endometrium in implantation window, disturbed the endometrial receptivity and finally resulted in embryo implantation failure.

Local immune regulatory effects of Bangdeyun on the endometrium of mice with embryo implantation dysfunction during the implantation time / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study examined the effects of Bangdeyun on the expressions of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the endometrium of mice with embryo implantation dysfunction (EID) during the implantation time (namely on pregnancy day 5, 6, 7 and 8) and explored the local immune regulatory effects of Bangdeyun. The gestational mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group and Bangdeyun-treated group. EID models of mice were established by using indomethacin. The endometrial expression of NF-kappaB was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. IFN-gamma and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that in the normal group, NF-kappaB and IFN-gamma were weakly expressed and IL-10 was strongly expressed in the endometrium during the whole implantation period. In the model group, the expressions of NF-kappaB and IFN-gamma were increased on pregnancy day 5, 6 and 7, and IL-10 expression decreased during the whole implantation time when compared with those in the normal group (P0.05). The expressions of NF-kappaB and IFN-gamma were much lower in the Bangdeyun-treated group than those in the model group on pregnancy day 5, 6 and 7 (P<0.01 for all), while the expression of IL-10 was much higher than in the model group during the whole implantation time (P<0.01). It was suggested Bangderun may favor a shift from Th1- to Th2-type immune response, therefore inhibiting the maternal immune rejection, inducing the immune tolerance and improving the fetal implantation.

Effect of Bushen Antai Recipe on prostaglandin I2 expression and its nuclear receptor at implantation site in mice with blastocyst implantation dysfunction / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Bushen Antai Recipe (BAR) on expression of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and its nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) at implantation site in mice with blastocyst implantation dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pregnant mice were divided into three groups randomly, the normal group, the model group and the BAR group. The pregnant uterus of all mice was cut off on the 4th (D4), 5th (D5), 6th (D6) and 8th (D8) day of pregnancy for determining the PGI2 expression with radio immunoassay; and the mRNA and protein expression of PPARdelta with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry at implantation site.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PGI2 expression in the model group was obviously lower than that in the normal group (P < 0.01), and also lower than that in the BAR group (P < 0.01), while the index was insignificantly different between the normal and the BAR group. Compared with the normal group, the expression of PPARdelta in the model group was delayed temporally and spatially (P < 0.05), while that in the BAR group was not significantly different.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BAR can improve the implantation in mice with blastocyst implantation dysfunction through promoting the PGI2 expression and its nuclear receptor PPARdelta at implantation site.</p>

Study on regulatory effect of Bushen Antai Recipe on levels of estrogen and progesterone in blastocyst implantation dysfunction mice / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect and explore the mechanism of Bushen Antai Recipe (BAR) on pregnancy rate and number of implantation site in blastocyst implantation dysfunction (BID) mice induced by indomethacin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pregnant mice were divided into 3 groups randomly: the normal group, the model group and the BAR group. Tap water was given orally to the rats in the normal and model groups, and BAR to the rats in the BAR group from the first day of pregnancy for 5 or 8 days; on the 3rd and 4th day dissolvent was injected subcutaneously twice per day in the normal group, while indomethacin (4.33 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously twice per day in the other two groups to establish implantation dysfunction model; serum estrogen (E) and progesterone (P4) levels were detected on the 5th and 8th day; the pregnancy rate and number of implanted site was observed and the receptors of E and P4 in endometrium of uterus were examined by immunohistochemistry on the 8th day.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pregnancy rate and number of implanted site was 27.3% and 5.3 +/- 0.7 respectively in the model group, significantly lower than those in the normal group (90.9%, 13.3 +/- 2.8), and the BAR group (72.7%, 10.7 +/- 2.2, P < 0.05). Serum E level was higher in the BAR group than that in the model group on the 5th and 8th day, and even higher than that in the normal group on the 8th day; serum P4 level was lower in the model and BAR groups than that in the normal group on the 5th day (P < 0.01), but higher in the BAR group than that in the model group on the 8th day. Immunohistochemical observation showed that expressions of E and P4 receptor increased remarkably in the BAR group than those in the model group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BAR increases the pregnancy rate and number of implanted site of indomethacrne induced BID mice through regulating E and P4 levels and enhancing the expressions of their receptors in the endometrium.</p>

Effects of jiantai liquid on the expression of estrogen/progesterone receptors in embryo implantation dysfunction mice endometrium / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of Jiantai liquid on the endometrium development of embryo implantation dysfunction mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The model of embryo implantation dysfunction mice was induced by mifepristone and treated by Jiantai liquid. All animals were sacrificed on day 8 of pregnancy. Estradiol and progesterone concentrations in serum and endometrium tissue homogenates were measured by radioimmunoassay method, the endometial expressions of estrogen receptor (ER)and progesterone receptor (PR)assessed by immunohistochemical SP method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were no significantly differences in the estradiol and progesterone concentrations in serum and uterus tissue homogenates among three groups( P > 0.05). Absorbency and area rate of ER, PR in model group' s gland and stroma were higher than those in model group(P < 0.05), which was similar with the control group( P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Jiantai liquid increase the implantation rate and improve the endometrial development by increasing the expressions of ER, PR in endometrium of embryo implantation dysfunction</p>

Comparison between target-controlled infusion of propofol, desflurane and locoregional anaesthesia for transvaginal oocyte retrieval: anaesthetic and reproductive outcome

Target controlled intravenous anaesthesia using propofol was compared with inhalational anaesthesia using desflurane and paracervical block with bupivacaine in relation to the reproductive outcome after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Data were collected prospectively on 60 women presenting for oocyte retrieval. All patients received ovarian stimulation treatment. Patients were allocated randomly to three equal groups. In both groups 1 and 2, induction of anaesthesia consisted of 0.5 mg alfentanil and 2mg /kg propofol intravenously. In group 1, anaesthesia was maintained with target controlled infusion of propofol [4 mu g/ml]. In group 2, the anaesthesia was maintained with desflurane 3%. In group 3, a paracervical block using 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was performed. The results showed that there was a haemodynamic stability in the three groups. Emergence from anaesthesia occurred significantly earlier after desflurane group compared with propofol group, but complete recovery occurred significantly faster in the propofol group because of a reduced incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting. There was no significant difference in the reproductive outcome. As regards fertilization and cleavage rates, the implantation rate was slightly lower in the propofol group but with no significant difference